Chapter Four is the core of the research report where analyzed data is systematically laid out. It is purely objective, meaning you only state the facts and data as they are. Students often fail this section because they try to discuss or explain the "why" behind the numbers—this is a major mistake! Discussion is strictly reserved for Chapter Five.
- Chronological Order: Findings must be presented in the exact order of your specific study objectives.
- No Discussion allowed: Do not compare your findings to other authors, do not explain why a percentage is high/low, and do not use citations. Just present the data.
- Socio-Demographics in ONE Table: All baseline data of respondents (age, sex, religion, education, etc.) must be displayed in a single, comprehensive table (Section 4.1).
- The "2 Table/Figure" Limit: You must use not more than 2 tables or figures for each specific research objective. Excess tables will result in lost marks.
- Placement of Narratives: A narrative interpretation must be written directly below every single table or figure. Never place a table without a narrative beneath it.
According to the UHPAB manual (Page 62), Chapter Four must strictly follow this numbering and structure:
- 4.0 Introduction: Must state the total sample size, the number of successfully completed questionnaires (response rate), and a brief mention of the data presentation methods used.
- 4.1 Demographic Characteristics: Displays the baseline data of participants in a single table, followed by a brief narrative.
- 4.2 Research Objective 1: The title of this section must be the exact phrasing of your first specific objective (e.g., 4.2 Caretakers' Knowledge Levels on Malaria Vaccine). Uses tables, figures, or narrative statements (maximum of 2 visuals).
- 4.3 Research Objective 2: Title matches your second specific objective.
- 4.4 Research Objective 3: Title matches your third specific objective.
UHPAB (Page 61) has very specific rules for writing narrative interpretations. Do not write down every single number from the table into your text—this makes reading redundant. Instead:
- No Totals Row in Text: Avoid mentioning the row of totals in your narrative text if there is no missing data.
- The Majority Rule (Over 50%): If a category has more than 50% of the respondents, use the word "majority" and report only that catching point.
Example: "The majority of the respondents, 80 (62%), were aged between 20-30 years." (Do not repeat the 38% for the 31-40 age group). - The Highest Percentage Rule (Under 50%): If no single category is above 50%, report the highest percentage first, and maintain consistency.
Example: "The highest percentage of respondents, 60 (46%), had secondary education, followed by..."
Below is a mockup showing how a student's Chapter Four page should look on an A4 layout, adhering to Times New Roman, Size 12, and double spacing.
Chapter Four: Findings of the Study
4.0 Introduction
This study investigated factors associated with the uptake of malaria vaccine among caretakers of children below one year in Buteebo Village, Kampala District. Out of the projected sample size of 130 respondents, all 130 successfully completed and returned the questionnaires, representing a 100% response rate. Data is presented chronologically using tables, narratives, and charts.
4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
The sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, which include age and sex, were analyzed and presented in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents (n=130)
| Sociodemographic characteristics | Category | Frequency (f) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20-30 | 80 | 62 |
| 31-40 | 50 | 38 | |
| Sex | Female | 65 | 50 |
| Male | 65 | 50 |
As displayed in Table 1, the majority of the respondents, 80 (62%), were aged between 20-30 years. Half of the respondents, 65 (50%), were females.
4.2 Caretakers' Knowledge Levels on Malaria Vaccine
The study evaluated the knowledge levels of caretakers on the malaria vaccine, specifically looking at their awareness and the schedules of vaccination. The results are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Caretakers' overall knowledge levels on Malaria Vaccine (n=130)
| Knowledge Level | Frequency (f) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| High Knowledge | 91 | 70 |
| Low Knowledge | 39 | 30 |
According to the findings in Table 2, the majority of the respondents, 91 (70%), demonstrated high knowledge levels regarding the malaria vaccine.
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