Answer:

• Speed:Computers can perform calculations and process data much faster than humans.
• Accuracy:Computers are very accurate; if the input data and program are correct, the output will be correct. They rarely make mistakes.
• Storage Capacity:Computers can store vast amounts of data and information safely for long periods.
• Diligence / Consistency:Computers can perform repetitive tasks for long hours without getting tired, bored, or losing consistency.
• Versatility:Computers can perform a wide variety of tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations, document processing, communication, and entertainment.
• Automation:Many tasks can be automated, meaning computers can perform them without continuous human supervision.
• Communication:Computers, especially when connected to the internet, allow for instant communication across the globe (e.g., email, messaging, video calls).
• Access to Information / Research:The internet, accessed via computers, provides a vast repository of information, making research and learning easier.
• Improved Education:Computers are used in e-learning, simulations, and provide access to educational resources.
• Entertainment:Computers offer various forms of entertainment like games, music, and movies.
• Increased Productivity and Efficiency:By automating tasks and providing powerful tools, computers help individuals and organizations to be more productive.
• Cost Reduction (in some areas):Automation can reduce the need for manual labor for certain tasks, potentially lowering operational costs.
• Employment Opportunities:The computer industry creates jobs in areas like software development, hardware engineering, IT support, and data analysis.
• Accessibility:Computers can be adapted with assistive technologies to help people with disabilities access information and communicate.

• Health Problems: Prolonged use can lead to: Eye Strain: From looking at screens for long periods. Musculoskeletal Issues: Such as back pain, neck pain, carpal tunnel syndrome due to poor posture or repetitive movements. Sleep Disturbances: Blue light from screens can interfere with sleep patterns. Sedentary Lifestyle: Can contribute to obesity and related health issues.
• Cost:Computers and software can be expensive to buy and maintain. Upgrades are also often needed.
• Security Risks / Privacy Concerns: Data Breaches/Hacking: Personal and sensitive information stored on computers can be stolen or misused. Viruses and Malware: Computers are vulnerable to malicious software that can damage data or compromise security.
• Social Isolation / Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction:Over-reliance on online communication can sometimes lead to a decrease in real-world social skills and interactions.
• Addiction and Time Wastage:People can become addicted to games, social media, or internet browsing, leading to wasted time and neglect of other responsibilities.
• Information Overload / Misinformation:The vast amount of information online can be overwhelming, and it can be difficult to distinguish reliable information from false or misleading content.
• Job Displacement / Unemployment:Automation of tasks by computers can lead to job losses in certain sectors.
• Environmental Impact:Manufacturing computers consumes resources, and disposal of old computers (e-waste) can be environmentally harmful if not done properly. Energy consumption is also a factor.
• Dependence:Over-reliance on computers can mean that if they fail (e.g., due to power outage, hardware failure), tasks cannot be completed.
• Cyberbullying and Online Harassment:The internet and social media can be platforms for negative interactions.
• Loss of Traditional Skills:Increased use of computers for tasks like writing or calculation can lead to a decline in skills like handwriting or mental arithmetic.
• Distraction and Reduced Focus:Constant notifications and the ease of switching between tasks can make it hard to concentrate deeply.

Source: Based on Mubende Answered Prayers School of Nursing answer sheet provided in the PDF (pages 26-28), adapted and simplified.

Answer:

Computer programs, also known as software, are sets of instructions that tell a computer what to do or how to perform a specific task. Here are some examples:

• Microsoft Word:A word processing program used for creating and editing text documents like letters, reports, and essays.
• Microsoft Excel:A spreadsheet program used for organizing, analyzing, and visualizing data in tables, performing calculations, and creating charts.
• Microsoft PowerPoint:A presentation program used for creating slideshows with text, images, charts, and multimedia for meetings, lectures, or talks.
• Google Chrome (or other Web Browsers like Firefox, Edge):A program used to access and navigate the internet (World Wide Web).
• Antivirus Software (e.g., Norton, McAfee, Windows Defender):Programs designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software (malware) like viruses, worms, and spyware.
• Adobe Photoshop (or other Image Editors like GIMP):A program used for editing and manipulating digital images and graphics.
• Operating System (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS):System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. This is fundamental for the computer to function.
• VLC Media Player (or other Media Players):A program used for playing audio and video files in various formats.
• Skype (or other Communication Apps like Zoom, WhatsApp Desktop):Programs used for instant messaging, voice calls, and video calls over the internet.
• Database Management System (DBMS) (e.g., Microsoft Access, MySQL):Software used to create, manage, and query databases.
• Games (e.g., Solitaire, Candy Crush, Fortnite):Programs designed for entertainment.
• Nero Burning ROM (or other CD/DVD Burning Software):Software used to write data onto CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs (less common now but still a type of program).

• Input Devices:Used to feed data and instructions into the computer. Keyboard: Used to type text, numbers, and commands. Contains various keys like typewriter keys (A-Z), function keys (F1-F12), cursor control keys, and a numeric keypad. Mouse: A pointing device used to control the cursor on the screen and interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It typically has buttons for clicking and a scroll wheel. Scanner: Converts physical documents (like papers or photos) or objects into digital images that can be stored and manipulated on the computer. Microphone: Captures sound and converts it into digital audio data. Webcam: A video camera that feeds or streams an image or video in real time to or through a computer to a computer network. Touchscreen: A display screen that also serves as an input device, allowing users to interact directly with what is displayed by touching it with a finger or stylus. Trackball / Touchpad: Alternative pointing devices to a mouse, often found on laptops. Barcode Reader: Scans barcodes to input product information quickly. Optical Mark Reader (OMR): Reads marks made on specific forms (e.g., multiple-choice answer sheets).
• Processing Device: Central Processing Unit (CPU) / Microprocessor: The "brain" of the computer. It executes instructions from software and performs calculations and data processing. It consists of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU).
• Output Devices:Used to present processed data (information) from the computer to the user. Monitor (Screen / Display): Visually displays text, graphics, and video. Types include LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) monitors. Printer: Produces hard copies (printouts) of documents and images. Types include inkjet, laser, and dot-matrix printers. Speakers / Headphones: Output audio (sound). Projector: Displays computer output onto a larger screen or surface, often used for presentations. Plotter: A specialized printer used for producing large-format graphics, such as architectural drawings or engineering designs.
• Storage Devices:Used to store data and programs, either temporarily or permanently. Primary Storage (Main Memory): > Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory that stores data and programs currently being used by the CPU. Data is lost when the power is turned off. > Read-Only Memory (ROM): Non-volatile memory containing pre-written instructions (firmware) essential for starting up the computer (e.g., BIOS). Secondary Storage (Auxiliary Storage): Non-volatile memory used for long-term storage of data and programs. > Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Magnetic storage device with large capacity, typically internal. > Solid State Drive (SSD): Uses flash memory for storage, faster and more durable than HDDs. > USB Flash Drive (Pen Drive / Thumb Drive): Portable flash memory storage device. > Optical Discs (CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs): Read by optical drives. > Memory Cards (e.g., SD cards): Used in cameras, phones, etc.
• Motherboard (Mainboard / System Board):The main printed circuit board in a computer that connects all the major components like the CPU, RAM, expansion slots, and connectors for peripherals.
• Power Supply Unit (PSU):Converts AC power from the mains to the DC power required by the computer components.
• Expansion Cards (e.g., Graphics Card, Sound Card, Network Card):Printed circuit boards that can be inserted into expansion slots on the motherboard to add functionality or enhance performance.
• Computer Case (Chassis / Tower):The enclosure that houses and protects the internal components of a desktop computer.

Source: Based on "Nurses Revision Institute of Health Sciences" answer sheet provided in the PDF (pages 28-30), adapted and simplified.

Answer: (Researched/Adapted)

Rules are essential to ensure the safety of users, the security of equipment, and a conducive learning/working environment.

• 1. No Food or Drinks Allowed:To prevent accidental spills that can damage sensitive electronic equipment and to maintain cleanliness.
• 2. Maintain Silence or Quiet Voices:To create a conducive environment for concentration and learning for all users. Avoid unnecessary noise or loud conversations.
• 3. Handle Equipment with Care:Do not tamper with hardware connections, settings, or attempt to open computer casings. Report any faulty equipment to the lab supervisor immediately.
• 4. No Unauthorized Software Installation or Downloads:To prevent the introduction of viruses, malware, or unlicensed software. Only use approved software and websites.
• 5. Save Work Regularly and Log Off Properly:Save work frequently to avoid data loss. Always log off or shut down the computer correctly after use to protect personal information and prepare the workstation for the next user.
• 6. Respect Lab Resources and Other Users:Do not monopolize computers unnecessarily if others are waiting. Keep workstations tidy. Do not disturb other users.
• 7. Internet Usage Policy:Use internet access for academic or assigned purposes only. Avoid accessing inappropriate or unauthorized websites. Adhere to bandwidth limitations if specified.
• 8. Report Problems Immediately:If a computer malfunctions, or if there are any software issues or security concerns, inform the lab attendant or instructor without trying to fix it yourself.
• 9. Personal Belongings:Keep personal bags and belongings in designated areas to avoid clutter and tripping hazards. The lab may not be responsible for lost items.
• 10. Follow Instructions from Lab Supervisor/Instructor:Always adhere to any specific instructions given by the person in charge of the lab.

While computers offer many benefits, they also have several drawbacks. Many of these are similar to the disadvantages of overusing computers.

• 1. Health Risks:Can cause eye strain, repetitive strain injuries (like carpal tunnel), back/neck pain, and contribute to a sedentary lifestyle.
• 2. High Cost:Initial purchase of hardware and software, plus ongoing maintenance and upgrade costs, can be expensive.
• 3. Security Threats:Vulnerability to viruses, malware, hacking, and phishing, leading to data loss or theft of personal information.
• 4. Potential for Addiction and Distraction:Easy to get addicted to games, social media, or internet browsing, reducing productivity and focus on important tasks.
• 5. Social Disconnect:Over-reliance on online interactions can sometimes reduce face-to-face communication skills and lead to social isolation.
• 6. Spread of Misinformation:The internet allows for the rapid spread of false or misleading information, making it hard to find reliable sources.
• 7. Job Displacement:Automation of tasks by computers can lead to unemployment in certain industries as human jobs are replaced.
• 8. Environmental Concerns:Manufacturing processes, energy consumption during use, and disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) have negative environmental impacts.
• 9. System Failures and Data Loss:Hardware malfunctions, software crashes, or power outages can lead to loss of important data if not properly backed up.
• 10. Reduction in Critical Thinking/Creativity (in some cases):Over-reliance on computers for answers or pre-made templates can sometimes hinder the development of independent problem-solving skills or original creative thought.
• 11. Dependence on Electricity:Computers require a stable power supply to function, which can be a limitation in areas with unreliable electricity.
• 12. Complexity and Learning Curve:Some software or advanced computer functions can be complex and require significant time and effort to learn.