1. What is the daily excretion of proteins in the urine called when it exceeds 150mg?
2. Which hormone is released by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?
3. What process in the kidneys helps maintain acid-base balance by secreting hydrogen ions (H+)?
4. What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?
5. Which of the following describes diminished urine output of 100-400 mL per day?
6. What is the function of renin, secreted by the kidneys?
7. Which of the following is a common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
8. What type of glomerulonephritis involves thickening of the glomerular basement membrane?
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome?
10. The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome primarily involves damage to which structure?
11. Which of the following best describes the main difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndromes?
12. What is a common complication of nephrotic syndrome due to hypoalbuminemia?
13. A patient with nephritic syndrome is likely to present with which of the following?
14. Which of the following interventions is least appropriate in the management of nephrotic syndrome?
16. Which type of dialysis is slower but can be performed at home?
17. What is the most common bacterial cause of cystitis?
18. Which of the following factors is a direct cause of obstructed urine flow, increasing the risk of cystitis?
19. Which of the following medications is recommended as first-line treatment for cystitis?
20. What is the primary factor that predisposes women to cystitis?
21. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with acute renal failure?
22. Which phase of acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid increase in urine output?
23. In acute renal failure, which condition is primarily caused by the inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium?
24. Which of the following conditions is a post-renal cause of acute renal failure?
25. Which of the following drugs is nephrotoxic and can cause acute renal failure?
26. What is the most common type of urinary stone?
27. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate for preventing calcium oxalate stones?
28. Which of the following medications may increase the risk of kidney stones?
29. What is the first step in the management of a patient with acute renal colic?
30. Which condition is least likely to contribute to kidney stone formation?
