1. Which of the following best describes apnea in full-term infants?
2. Which type of apnea is most commonly associated with a failure of the brain to send signals to the breathing muscles?
3. Which pathogen is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in adults?
4. Which of the following complications is most directly related to bacterial pneumonia?
5. What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for children with non-severe pneumonia?
6. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological process in asthma?
7. What is the primary reason for administering corticosteroids in the management of asthma?
8. Which of the following is the primary cause of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants?
9. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with severe asthma exacerbation?
10. Which intervention is most appropriate for a premature infant experiencing apnea that does not respond to tactile stimulation?
11. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients?
12. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most specific for assessing the degree of airway obstruction in asthma?
13. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
14. What is the recommended initial dose of adrenaline (epinephrine) for a newborn with a heart rate less than 60 bpm despite 1 minute of effective ventilation and chest compressions?
15. Which clinical feature is most likely to be observed during an episode of apnea in a neonate?
16. Which of the following signs is a late indicator of respiratory distress in a newborn?
17. Which of the following is a common trigger for apnea in premature infants?
18. Which maternal condition is associated with an increased risk of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the newborn?
19. Which clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with an acute asthma attack?
20. What is the primary reason for using pulse oximetry in a neonate with apnea?
21. What is the primary reason for giving prophylactic surfactant therapy to very premature infants?
22. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?
23. Which diagnostic test is most useful in confirming the presence of meconium in the trachea?
24. Which of the following is an appropriate management strategy for an infant with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) who is not vigorous at birth?
25. Which medication is used to manage the inflammation associated with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)?
26. Meconium aspiration syndrome is characterized by the aspiration of:
27. Which of the following conditions can cause fetal distress and lead to the untimely passage of meconium?
28. Which of the following clinical features is commonly observed in infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?
29. In some cases, infants with BPD may require cardiac medications to:
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