Pediatrics Day 4 - Nurses Revision

Welcome to your Pediatrics Day 4

20 MCQ's

August 31, 2025

1. What is the literal meaning of "Cerebral Palsy"?

a) Brain injury

b) Brain paralysis

c) Brain disorder

d) Brain damage

2. What are the three important parts of the brain associated with cerebral palsy?

a) Cerebrum, medulla oblongata, hippocampus

b) Cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia

c) Basal ganglia, hypothalamus, brain stem

d) Amygdala, corpus callosum, hippocampus

3. What is the most common type of cerebral palsy, affecting over 70% of cases?

a) Athetoid Cerebral Palsy

b) Ataxic Cerebral Palsy

c) Spastic Cerebral Palsy

d) Mixed Cerebral Palsy

4. What type of tremor is most commonly associated with ataxic cerebral palsy?

a) Resting tremor

b) Essential tremor

c) Intention tremor

d) Orthostatic tremor

4. Which type of therapy helps children with cerebral palsy learn everyday tasks and improve fine motor skills?

a) Physical therapy

b) Occupational therapy

c) Speech therapy

d) Behavioral therapy

5. What medication is commonly used to alleviate muscle stiffness (spasticity) in individuals with cerebral palsy?

a) Acetaminophen

b) Ibuprofen

c) Baclofen

d) Aspirin

6. What surgical procedure might be recommended to reduce chronic pain or spasticity in cerebral palsy?

a) Appendectomy

b) Rhinoplasty

c) Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)

d) Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

7. What is the aim of management for individuals with cerebral palsy?

a) To cure the condition completely

b) To maximize the child’s movements and overall function

c) To prevent the condition from progressing

d) To provide palliative care

8. What condition is commonly associated with individuals with cerebral palsy due to reduced bone density and limited mobility?

a) Osteoporosis

b) Osteoarthritis

c) Rheumatoid arthritis

d) Scoliosis

9. What is the primary hormone involved in glucose metabolism?

A) Insulin

B) Glucagon

C) Epinephrine

D) Cortisol

10. Which of the following conditions is characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period?

A) Hypoglycemia

B) Hyperglycemia

C) Glycosuria

D) Polyuria

11. What are the three cardinal clinical features of diabetes mellitus?

A) Hypoglycemia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

B) Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Glycosuria

C) Hyperglycemia, Glycosuria, Polyuria

D) Bradycardia, Hypotension, Diaphoresis

12. What is the main cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?

A) Insulin resistance

B) Pancreatic beta-cell destruction

C) Obesity

D) Liver dysfunction

13. What is the term for a condition that occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 DM?

A) Hyperglycemia

B) Ketoacidosis

C) Prediabetes

D) Gestational Diabetes

15. What are the classic symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A) Increased thirst and urination

B) Weight gain and fatigue

C) Cold and pale skin

D) Sweating and trembling

16. What diagnostic criteria are used to identify diabetes mellitus based on fasting plasma glucose level?

A) ≥ 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl)

B) ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)

C) ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl)

D) ≤ 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl)

17. What is the initial treatment for correcting acidosis and hyperglycemia in DKA?

A) Fluid replacement with 0.9% saline

B) Administration of potassium supplementation

C) Infusion of regular insulin

D) Correction of electrolyte imbalances

18. What diagnostic criteria are used for diagnosing DKA?

A) Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic alkalosis

B) Hypoglycemia, acidosis, and normal ketone levels

C) Hyperglycemia, ketonuria , ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis

D) Hyperglycemia, ketonuria, and respiratory alkalosis

19. What is the goal of fluid replacement therapy in the management of DKA?

A) To correct electrolyte imbalances

B) To prevent dehydration and hypovolemic shock

C) To induce diuresis and reduce blood glucose levels

D) To replenish glycogen stores in the liver

20. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A) Excessive insulin production leading to hypoglycemia

B) Insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycemia

C) Insulin deficiency causing fat breakdown and ketone production

D) Abnormal glucose uptake by body cells

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