BNS 122: Healthcare Administration, Entrepreneurship & Nursing Education
MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS • MODULE 1
Healthcare Management Theories, Leadership & Strategic Planning
Management Principles & Organizational Design
- Subtopic: Definitions and Distinctions: Management, Administration, Leadership, and Governance
- Subtopic: Classical Management Theories (Taylor's Scientific Management, Fayol's Administrative Principles, Weber's Bureaucracy)
- Subtopic: Modern Management Models: Human Relations, Systems Theory, Contingency, and Chaos Theory
- Subtopic: The Four Core Functions of Management: Planning, Organizing, Directing / Leading, and Controlling
- Subtopic: Organizational Structures: Hierarchical, Flat, Matrix, Line-and-Staff, and Decentralized Healthcare Units
- Subtopic: Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), and Clinical Governance
- Subtopic: Strategic Health Management: Formulating Vision, Mission, Values, SWOT, and PESTLE Analyses
- Subtopic: Structuring Health Services: International (WHO), Regional (AU/WAHO/EAC), and National Frameworks
FINANCING & ECONOMICS • MODULE 2
Health Economics, Healthcare Financing & Cost Evaluations
Health Economics Principles
- Subtopic: Definitions, Scope, and Relevance of Health Economics in Nursing Practice
- Subtopic: Concepts of Scarcity, Opportunity Cost, Choice, and Elasticity of Health Demand
- Subtopic: The Patient as an Economic Consumer (Demander) vs. Healthcare Workers as Suppliers
- Subtopic: Supplier-Induced Demand, Information Asymmetry, and Market Failures in Healthcare
- Subtopic: Equity vs. Efficiency: Vertical and Horizontal Equity in Resource Distribution
- Subtopic: Impact of Social Stratification, Poverty, and Geographic Location on Health Access
Healthcare Financing & Economic Evaluation
- Subtopic: National Healthcare Financing Mechanisms: Central Tax Allocations, Donor Funding & Grants
- Subtopic: User Fees, Cost-Sharing Mechanisms, Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, and Catastrophic Health Spending
- Subtopic: Health Insurance Models: Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI), Social Health Insurance & Private Plans
- Subtopic: Hospital Budgeting Techniques: Zero-Based Budgeting, Incremental Budgeting & Line-Item Allocation
- Subtopic: Financial Forecasting, Financial Auditing, Financial Reporting, and Cost Centers
- Subtopic: Economic Evaluation Methods: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios
- Subtopic: Economic Evaluation Methods: Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Net Present Value Calculations
- Subtopic: Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA): Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)
HUMAN RESOURCES • MODULE 3
Human Resource Management, Conflict Resolution & Labour Laws
Human Resource Planning & Staffing
- Subtopic: Definitions, Objectives, and Core Functions of Human Resource Management (HRM)
- Subtopic: Workforce Planning: Assessing Health Staffing Needs, Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN)
- Subtopic: Job Analysis, Writing Comprehensive Job Descriptions, and Job Specifications for Nursing Roles
- Subtopic: Recruitment Protocols, Structured Interviewing, Selection, and Orientation / Induction of Staff
- Subtopic: Staff Rostering, Shift Allocation, Duty Rotation, and Managing Absenteeism in Wards
- Subtopic: Staff Development, Continuing Professional Development (CPD), and Succession Planning
- Subtopic: Performance Appraisal Systems: Objective Setting, 360-Degree Feedback & Performance Reviews
Leadership, Conflict Resolution & Uganda Public Service
- Subtopic: Leadership Styles: Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, Transformational, and Servant Leadership
- Subtopic: Organizational Behavior, Organizational Culture, and Staff Motivation Theories (Herzberg, Maslow)
- Subtopic: Workplace Conflict: Sources, Stages, and Conflict Resolution Modes (Thomas-Kilmann Framework)
- Subtopic: Negotiation, Collective Bargaining, Industrial Relations, and Strike Action Protocols
- Subtopic: Disciplinary Procedures, Suspension, Interdiction, and Termination Under Uganda Public Service Standing Orders
- Subtopic: Uganda Public Service Code of Conduct and Ethics, Gender Mainstreaming, and Staff Welfare
HEALTH POLICY • MODULE 4
Health Policy Formulation, Planning Cycles & Sector Reforms
Health Policy Process & Sector Reforms
- Subtopic: Definition, Concepts, and Typology of Public Health Policy
- Subtopic: The Health Policy Triangle: Context, Process, Actors, and Content (Walt and Gilson Model)
- Subtopic: Stages of Policy Development: Problem Identification, Agenda Setting, Formulation & Adoption
- Subtopic: Health Policy Implementation Bottlenecks and Policy Evaluation Frameworks
- Subtopic: Health Sector Strategic Plans (HSSP): National Priorities, Targets, and Decentralization Reforms
- Subtopic: Health Sector Reform Initiatives: Public-Private Partnerships in Health (PPPH) in Uganda
The Comprehensive Planning Cycle
- Subtopic: Definitions, Principles, and Functional Levels of Health Planning (Strategic, Operational, Tactical)
- Subtopic: Steps in the Health Planning Cycle: Situation Analysis, Priority Setting, Objective Formulation
- Subtopic: Developing Operational Work Plans: Activities, Resource Mobilization, Timeframes, and Gantt Charts
- Subtopic: Designing Indicators: Input, Process, Output, Outcome, and Impact Metrics
- Subtopic: Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Frameworks, Support Supervision, and Mid-Term Reviews
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP • MODULE 5
Health Entrepreneurship, Opportunity Identification & Feasibility
Entrepreneurial Mindset & Opportunity Scanning
- Subtopic: Concepts, Definition, and Evolution of Entrepreneurship in Healthcare Professions
- Subtopic: Characteristics, Competencies, and Mindset of Successful Nurse Entrepreneurs
- Subtopic: Assessing the Healthcare Market: Identifying Gaps, Community Health Needs, and Viable Ventures
- Subtopic: Types of Health Enterprises: Private Clinics, Nursing Homes, Home Care Agencies, Training Centers & Medical Supplies
- Subtopic: Assessing the Business Environment: Macro-Environmental Analysis and Industry Competitiveness
Feasibility Studies & Business Proposals
- Subtopic: Conducting Comprehensive Feasibility Studies: Market, Technical, Financial, and Legal Feasibility
- Subtopic: Business Risk Analysis: Identifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Clinical and Commercial Risks
- Subtopic: Writing a Comprehensive Business Plan: Executive Summary, Market Analysis, Operational Plan, Financial Projections
- Subtopic: Writing Bankable Business Proposals for Funding, Venture Capital, and Seed Loans
- Subtopic: Government Policies, Incentives, and Institutional Measures on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda
ENTERPRISE OPERATIONS • MODULE 6
Starting, Financing, Marketing & Managing Health Enterprises
Legal Registration & Operational Setup
- Subtopic: Forms of Business Ownership: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Company (LLC)
- Subtopic: Legal Registration Procedures: Uganda Registration Services Bureau (URSB) & Tax Identification (URA TIN)
- Subtopic: Professional Licensing: Uganda Nurses and Midwives Council (UNMC) Licensing for Private Practice
- Subtopic: Facility Inspection Standards, Premises Certification, and Environmental Impact Assessment (NEMA)
- Subtopic: Tendering and Procurement: Reading, Preparing, and Responding to Public and Private Tenders
- Subtopic: Drafting Commercial Contracts, Leases, and Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
Marketing, Financial Management & Scaling
- Subtopic: Financial Management: Bookkeeping, Cash Flow Management, Break-Even Analysis & Balance Sheets
- Subtopic: Costing and Pricing Health Services: Profit Margins vs. Affordability and Ethics
- Subtopic: Ethical Marketing of Health Services: Public Relations, Branding, and Community Outreach
- Subtopic: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enhancing Patient Experience
- Subtopic: Inventory Control, Supply Chain Management, and Minimizing Drug Pilferage and Wastage
- Subtopic: Scaling Enterprises, Business Diversification, and Employment Creation for Youth and Health Workers
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY • MODULE 7
Principles of Education, Teaching Theories & Adult Learning
Foundations of Educational Psychology
- Subtopic: Philosophies of Education and Their Historical Application to Nursing Training
- Subtopic: Educational Psychology: Theories of Human Learning (Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Humanism)
- Subtopic: Principles of Adult Learning (Andragogy - Knowles): Self-Concept, Experience, Readiness, and Orientation
- Subtopic: The Learning Domains: Cognitive (Bloom's Taxonomy), Affective (Krathwohl), and Psychomotor (Dave/Simpson)
- Subtopic: The Learning Environment: Physical Setup, Psychological Safety, Teacher-Learner Interaction
- Subtopic: Individual Differences in Learners: Learning Styles (VARK Model), Motivation Theories & Memory Retention
- Subtopic: Classroom and Clinical Ward Management Techniques and Addressing Disruptive Learner Behaviors
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN • MODULE 8
Instructional Methods, Lesson Planning & Educational Assessment
Instructional Methodologies & Media
- Subtopic: Conducting Educational Training Needs Assessments (TNA) for Health Cadres
- Subtopic: Writing Specific, Measurable Instructional Objectives Using Action Verbs
- Subtopic: Constructing a Structured Lesson Plan: Introduction, Pacing, Core Content, Formative Checks & Summary
- Subtopic: Teacher-Centered Instructional Methods: Interactive Lectures, Symposia, and Panel Discussions
- Subtopic: Student-Centered Instructional Methods: Small Group Tutorials, Seminars, Case Studies, Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
- Subtopic: Clinical Teaching Strategies: Bedside Clinics, Grand Rounds, Pre- and Post-Clinical Conferences
- Subtopic: Skills Demonstration Technique, Deliberate Practice, and High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation
- Subtopic: Design, Selection, and Use of Print and Non-Print Instructional Media, Digital Slides, and Models
- Subtopic: Establishment, Operation, and Management of Nursing Resource Centers and Skills Laboratories
Measurement, Evaluation & Examination Design
- Subtopic: Concepts of Assessment, Measurement, Evaluation, and Grading in Nursing Education
- Subtopic: Formative (Continuous Assessment) vs. Summative (End-of-Course / Licensure) Examinations
- Subtopic: Designing Objective Cognitive Tests: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Single Best Answer, Extended Matching
- Subtopic: Designing Subjective Cognitive Tests: Short Answer Questions (SAQs), Modified Essays, Long Essays (LEQs)
- Subtopic: Clinical Competence Assessment: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and OSPE Design
- Subtopic: Development of Standardized Checklists, Rating Scales, Global Rubrics, and Mini-CEX
- Subtopic: Item Analysis: Calculating Question Facility Index and Discrimination Index
- Subtopic: Test Validity, Reliability, Test Blueprinting (Table of Specifications), and Standard Setting
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CURRICULUM & HEALTH PROMOTION • MODULE 9
Curriculum Development, Educational Review & Health Education
Curriculum Development & Evaluation
- Subtopic: Definitions, Concepts, and Typology of Curricula (Subject-Centered, Integrated, Spiral, Competency-Based)
- Subtopic: Curriculum Development Models (Tyler, Wheeler, Taba, Kerr) and Situational Analysis
- Subtopic: Key Components of a Standard Nursing Curriculum Document (Philosophy, Objectives, Content, Practicum, Evaluation)
- Subtopic: Writing Syllabi, Course Outlines, and Module Units in Accordance with National Accreditation Standards (NCHE)
- Subtopic: Strategies for Curriculum Implementation: Faculty Readiness, Clinical Placements, and Resource Allocation
- Subtopic: Curriculum Review Cycles, Monitoring Curricular Relevance, Feedback from Alumni, and Quality Auditing
Health Education Principles & Community Practice
- Subtopic: Integrating Health Promotion, Guidance, Counselling, and Health Education
- Subtopic: Systematic Planning for Community Health Education Talks: Setting Goals, Timing, and Venue
- Subtopic: Large and Small Group Facilitation Skills, Active Audience Engagement, and Non-Verbal Communication
- Subtopic: Designing Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Messages on Maternal-Child Health and Nutrition
- Subtopic: Designing IEC Messages on Epidemic Prevention (Cholera, Ebola, COVID-19, Malaria) and WASH
- Subtopic: Planning, Staging, Executing, and Evaluating Community-Wide Health Education Days and Campaigns
Prescribed Textbooks & Statutory References
Core textbooks on management, entrepreneurship, and nursing education prescribed by the NCHE Bachelor of Nursing Science syllabus.
- Marquis, B.L. & Huston, C.J. (2008). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Kelly, P. (2003). Nursing Leadership & Management. Clifton Park: Thomson Delmar Learning.
- Yoder-Wise, P.S. (2006). Leading and Managing in Nursing (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby / Elsevier.
- Collins, J.C. & Lazier, W.C. (1992). Beyond Entrepreneurship: Turning the Responsible Business into an Enduring Great Company. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
- Stevenson, H.H., Roberts, M.J. & Grousbeck, H.I. (1989). New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur. Boston: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
- Bastable, S.B. (2008). Nurse as Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice (3rd ed.). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Chauhan, S.S. (2003). Innovations in Teaching-Learning Process. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
- Amri, M.M. (1993). A Guide for Training Teachers of Health Workers. Nairobi: African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF).
- Mellish, J.M. (2003). Teaching and Learning the Practice of Nursing (4th ed.). Johannesburg: Heinemann.
- Ministry of Health Uganda (2010). Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP). Kampala: MOH.
- Government of Uganda (2014). The Uganda Public Service Standing Orders. Entebbe: UPPC.
Follow your university’s current approved course outline for official course codes, teaching order and assessments. This directory organises supplementary revision resources.
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