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CHOLECYSTITIS Lecture Notes
Nursing Notes – Biliary System and Liver CHOLECYSTITIS Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder and/or the biliary tract. Acute cholecystitis typically causes pain, tenderness, and rigidity in the upper right abdomen, which may radiate to the midsternal area or right shoulder. Calculous Cholecystitis (90% of cases): This is the most common type. The inflammation…
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Liver Cirrhosis
Nursing Notes – Biliary System and Liver LIVER CIRRHOSIS Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with diffuse fibrosis (scar tissue). This scarring disrupts the normal structure and function of the liver, leading to necrosis of liver cells, nodule formation, and distortion of the liver’s vascular network. Types…
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JAUNDICE (Hyperbilirubinemia)
Nursing Notes – Biliary System and Liver Disorders of the Biliary System Review of Liver Disorders Liver disorders are common and can result from various causes, including viral infections (hepatitis) or exposure to toxic substances like alcohol. A significant and often fatal liver disorder is hepatocellular carcinoma, a highly malignant tumor that is difficult to…
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PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD)
Nursing Notes – Peptic Ulcer Disease PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD) A peptic ulcer is defined as an excavation (a hollowed-out area) or an erosion that forms in the mucosal wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This lesion occurs specifically in areas that are exposed to the corrosive actions of gastric acid and the digestive enzyme…
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Gastritis Lecture Notes
Nursing Notes – Gastritis GASTRITIS Gastritis is fundamentally an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which is the delicate inner lining of the stomach. This inflammatory response can be widespread (diffuse) or confined to specific areas (localized) within the stomach, and it represents the body’s reaction to various forms of injury or infection. Gastritis is broadly…
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Stomatitis lecture notes
Nursing Notes – Malnutrition STOMATITIS REVIEW: Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a continuous, hollow, muscular tube that serves as the primary pathway for digestion and absorption. It is approximately 23 to 26 feet (7 to 8 meters) long and extends from the mouth to the anus, passing through the…
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MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN
Nursing Notes – Malnutrition MALNUTRITION Malnutrition is a pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients. It refers to any condition in which the body does not receive enough nutrients for proper function, encompassing both undernutrition and overnutrition. Forms of Malnutrition Undernutrition: An insufficient intake of…
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Nutrition in Children
Nursing Notes – Child Growth and Development Nutrition in Children Balanced and sufficient nutritional intake is paramount for children. It serves multiple critical functions: promoting optimal growth and development, protecting and maintaining health, preventing nutritional deficiency conditions and various illnesses, and building reserves for periods of starvation or dietary stress. The term ‘nutrition’ itself is…
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Growth Monitoring and Promotion
Nursing Notes – Child Growth and Development Growth Monitoring and Promotion Growth Monitoring Growth monitoring involves regularly weighing a child, plotting the weight on a child health card (also known as a growth chart), interpreting the results, and counseling parents or caregivers. It’s a proactive and preventative health measure to track a child’s developmental progress…
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TUMORS (NEOPLASMS)
Nursing Notes – Tumors TUMORS (NEOPLASMS) A Neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue whose growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues, and which persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli that evoked the change. These new abnormal growths are also commonly referred to as Tumors.…
