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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
Nursing Notes – Burns FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE Fluid and electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is crucial for life and homeostasis. Electrolytes Electrolytes in body fluids are active chemicals (cations that carry positive charges and anions that carry negative charges). The major cations in the body fluid are sodium, potassium, calcium, and hydrogen…
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HAEMORRHAGE: Nursing Lecture Notes
Nursing Notes – Burns HAEMORRHAGE: Nursing Lecture Notes Haemorrhage, commonly known as bleeding, is the loss of blood from the circulatory system, specifically from blood vessels. It is a critical medical condition that, if uncontrolled, can lead to severe physiological compromise and death. The body possesses intrinsic defence mechanisms, primarily through the process of clotting…
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BURNS LECTURE NOTES
Nursing Notes – Burns BURNS Burns are injuries to the skin due to extremes of temperature i.e cold or hot, chemicals or radiations. Burns occur when there is injury to the tissues of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electric current or radiations. Anatomical review of the skin. Skin is the largest organ of the…
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Surgical Shock
Nursing Notes – Surgical Shock COMMON SURGICAL CONDITIONS SHOCK Definition Shock is a state of poor perfusion with impaired cellular metabolism manifesting with severe pathophysiological abnormalities. It is due to circulatory collapse and tissue hypoxia. Shock is meant by ‘inadequate perfusion` to maintain normal organ function. Shock is a life-threatening medical condition characterized by inadequate…
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GANGRENE
Nursing Notes – Asepsis & Investigations GANGRENE Definition Gangrene is necrosis and subsequent decay of body tissues caused by infection or thrombosis or lack of blood flow. Gangrene refers to the localized death and decomposition of body tissue resulting from obstructed circulation or bacterial infection. Gangrene is a condition that involves death and decay of…
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Natural Body Defence Mechanism
Nursing Notes – Asepsis & Investigations Topic 3.10 / 3.11: Natural Body Defence Mechanism The human body possesses a sophisticated array of natural defense mechanisms designed to protect against pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi) and foreign substances, as well as to repair damaged tissues. These defenses can be broadly categorized into non-specific (innate) defenses and…
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Aseptic technique & Special investigations in surgical nursing
Nursing Notes – Asepsis & Investigations Topic 3.7: Aseptic Technique & Special Investigations Sub-topic 3.7.3: Aseptic Technique / Surgical Asepsis Introduction to Surgical Asepsis It is defined as the absence of micro-organisms that can cause disease. Surgical asepsis promotes tissue healing by determining pathogens from coming into contact with the surgical wound. Practices that suppress,…
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EMPHYSEMA / PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA
Nursing Notes – Thrombus and Embolus EMPHYSEMA / PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA Introduction Definition: Emphysema is a chronic and progressive lung disease primarily characterized by the destruction and enlargement of the air sacs (alveoli) at the end of the smallest airways (bronchioles) in the lungs. This damage leads to a significant reduction in the surface area available…
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BRONCHITIS
Nursing Notes – Thrombus and Embolus BRONCHITIS Introduction Bronchitis is a common respiratory condition characterized by an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi. These are the larger and medium-sized airways that serve as critical conduits for airflow, transporting air from the trachea (windpipe) into the more distal and delicate lung parenchyma, where gas…
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LARYNGITIS
Nursing Notes – Thrombus and Embolus LARYNGITIS Introduction Laryngitis refers to inflammation of the larynx, commonly known as the voice box. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound. When the vocal cords become inflamed or irritated, they swell, leading to a distorted voice or a complete loss of voice. It can…
