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YELLOW FEVER Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes.  Yellow fever is an acute, contagious, notifiable viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in central and South America and Africa. The name derives from the jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) that affects some patients.  Aetiology: Yellow fever is caused by the…

HAEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Ebola and Marburg Ebola and Marburg are severe zoonotic multisystem febrile diseases caused by RNA viruses. They are notifiable diseases. Ebola Virus: Morphology: The Ebola virus is filamentous, often resembling a \”U\” or \”S\” shape. It measures approximately 2 μm (micrometers) in length and 70-80 nm (nanometers) in diameter. It has an internal…

Brucellosis (Undulant Fever, Malta Fever, Abortus Fever) Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection of acute onset, commonly known as undulant fever, Malta fever, or abortus fever.  It\’s primarily an occupational disease among people working with infected livestock or associated fresh animal products. This includes butchers, farmers, abattoir workers, and vendors of contaminated roasted meat (muchomo).…

HOME VISITING IN COMMUNITY HEALTH Home visiting is highly essential to community health services, as a large number of patients are found in their homes. Home visiting refers to the process of providing nursing care to patients at their residences. Objectives of Home Visiting: Establish close relationships with the community and families. Assess the living…

Complete Guide to Immunization Vaccines Vaccines are special preparations of antigenic materials designed to stimulate the development of antibodies and confer active immunity. Vaccination refers to the administration of a vaccine. Types of Vaccines: Live Attenuated Vaccines: These vaccines use live microorganisms that have been weakened (attenuated) so they can still replicate but do not…

Drugs Used in Anaesthesia Anaesthesia is defined as the absence of feelings, sensation, or pain. Anaesthetics are drugs that reduce or abolish sensation, affecting either the whole body (general anaesthetics) or a particular area or region (local anaesthetics). Local Anaesthetics Local anaesthetics provide brief periods of anaesthesia in a small localized area of the skin…

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cancer Cancer is a disease characterized by a shift in the control mechanisms that govern cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.  Uncontrolled multiplication of cells leads to the formation of tumors that may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors do not spread to other tissues, while malignant tumors do. Types…

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Obstetric and Gynecological Disorders Drugs for Menstrual Disorders The main disorders associated with menstruation that may require treatment include: Amenorrhoea Dysmenorrhoea Menorrhagia Premenstrual syndrome Menopause Amenorrhoea Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstruation. A break in menstruation of 6 months or more is considered pathological in an adult woman who…

Drugs Used in the Management of Central Nervous System Disorders Drugs Used in the Treatment of Depression Depression is a mental state characterized by diverse psychological symptoms such as low mood, loss of interest and enjoyment of activities, and reduced energy. Depression is associated with physical symptoms such as: Fatigue Anxiety Sleep disturbance Reduction in…

Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs Drugs Used in Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, due to insulin deficiency or resistance. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is classified into two: Type 1 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus This type…