BNS 117: Surgical & Perioperative Nursing (I, II & III)
THEATRE PRACTICE • MODULE 1
Operating Room Nursing, Theatre Management & Surgical Asepsis
Operating Room Organization & Management
- Subtopic: Architectural Design and Zoning of Operating Theatre Suites (Unrestricted, Semi-Restricted, Restricted)
- Subtopic: Operating Theatre Staffing Allocation, Daily Scheduling, and Emergency Prioritization
- Subtopic: Preparation and Setup of the Operating Theatre for Routine Elective and Emergency Surgeries
- Subtopic: Procurement, Tracking, Sterilization, and Maintenance of Operating Room Equipment and Consumables
- Subtopic: Roles and Responsibilities of the Operating Theatre Nurse Manager
- Subtopic: Roles and Responsibilities of the Scrub Nurse (Instrument Nurse)
- Subtopic: Roles and Responsibilities of the Circulating Nurse and Runner Nurse
- Subtopic: Roles of the Anesthetic Nurse and Recovery Room (PACU) Nurse
- Subtopic: Interprofessional Team Collaboration and Communication in the Operating Room
Surgical Asepsis & Infection Prevention
- Subtopic: Principles, Theories, and Cardinal Rules of Surgical Asepsis
- Subtopic: Methods of Instrument Sterilization: Autoclaving (Moist Heat), Dry Heat, Ethylene Oxide, and Plasma Gas
- Subtopic: High-Level Chemical Disinfection (Glutaraldehyde, Ortho-phthalaldehyde) and Antiseptics
- Subtopic: Operating Room Environmental Decontamination, Air Flow Dynamics, and HEPA Filtration
- Subtopic: Disposal of Contaminated Surgical Refuse, Biological Tissue, and Sharp Waste Management
PERIOPERATIVE CARE • MODULE 2
Preoperative Preparation & Intraoperative Surgical Techniques
Preoperative Patient Preparation
- Subtopic: Categories and Reasons for Surgery: Curative, Diagnostic, Reconstructive, Palliative & Emergency
- Subtopic: Legal and Ethical Requirements: Informed Consent Verification and Patient Competency
- Subtopic: Preoperative Psychological Preparation: Alleviating Fear, Anxiety, and Patient Counselling
- Subtopic: Preoperative Physical Preparation: NPO (Fasting) Guidelines, Bowel Prep & Gown Fitting
- Subtopic: Preoperative Skin Antisepsis, Hair Clipping (vs. Shaving), and Jewellery/Dentures Removal
- Subtopic: Preoperative Patient Teaching: Deep Breathing, Effective Coughing, Splinting, and Leg Exercises
- Subtopic: Preoperative Diagnostic Workup: Baseline Bloods, Grouping & Crossmatch, Chest X-Ray, ECG
- Subtopic: Administration of Preoperative Medications and Patient Transport to the Operating Suite
Intraoperative Clinical Techniques
- Subtopic: WHO Surgical Safety Checklist Implementation (Sign In, Time Out, Sign Out)
- Subtopic: Surgical Hand Scrubbing: Traditional Scrub vs. Alcohol-Based Surgical Hand Rub Protocols
- Subtopic: Aseptic Gowning and Closed-Glove Techniques for the Sterile Team
- Subtopic: Opening Sterile Packs, Establishing and Maintaining the Sterile Field
- Subtopic: Surgical Patient Positioning: Supine, Prone, Lateral, Trendelenburg, Reverse Trendelenburg, Lithotomy
- Subtopic: Physiological Hazards and Pressure Injury Prevention During Long Surgical Positioning
- Subtopic: Surgical Skin Antisepsis (Chlorhexidine/Povidone Iodine) and Sterile Draping Procedures
- Subtopic: Handling Surgical Instruments, Swabs, Needles, Sutures, and Sharps Safety
- Subtopic: Surgical Counts Protocols: Strict Tracking of Sponges, Needles, and Instruments
ANESTHESIA & RECOVERY • MODULE 3
Anesthesia Nursing, Post-Anesthesia Recovery & Complications
Anesthesia Nursing Considerations
- Subtopic: Pre-Anesthetic Patient Evaluation and ASA Physical Status Classification
- Subtopic: General Anesthesia Stages (Induction, Maintenance, Emergence) and Inhalation/IV Agents
- Subtopic: Regional Anesthesia: Spinal Anesthesia (Subarachnoid Block) and Epidural Anesthesia Nursing Care
- Subtopic: Peripheral Nerve Blocks, Field Blocks, and Local Infiltration Techniques
- Subtopic: Anesthesia Considerations for Pediatric and Geriatric Surgical Patients
- Subtopic: Endotracheal Intubation Assistance, Laryngeal Mask Airways (LMA), and Artificial Ventilation
- Subtopic: Anesthetic Complications and Emergencies: Aspiration, Hypothermia, Laryngospasm & Malignant Hyperthermia
PACU Recovery & Postoperative Complications
- Subtopic: Immediate Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Admission, Assessment, and Monitoring (Aldrete Score)
- Subtopic: Postoperative Airway Patency, Hypoxemia, Hypoventilation, and Oxygen Therapy
- Subtopic: Postoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring: Managing Surgical Hypotension, Hypertension, and Dysrhythmias
- Subtopic: Postoperative Pain Assessment and Multimodal Analgesia (Opioids, PCA, NSAIDs, Regional Blocks)
- Subtopic: Intermediate and Convalescent Postoperative Ward Nursing Care
- Subtopic: Postoperative Complications: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), Wound Dehiscence, and Evisceration
- Subtopic: Postoperative Complications: Haemorrhage, Hypovolemic Shock, and Deep Vein Thrombosis / PE
- Subtopic: Postoperative Complications: Atelectasis, Hypostatic Pneumonia, Paralytic Ileus & Urinary Retention
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WOUNDS & BURNS • MODULE 4
Integumentary Surgery, Burn Management & Advanced Wound Care
Surgical Wounds & Chronic Ulcers
- Subtopic: Classification of Surgical Wounds: Clean, Clean-Contaminated, Contaminated, Dirty-Infected
- Subtopic: Wound Debridement Techniques: Surgical, Enzymatic, Autolytic, and Mechanical Debridement
- Subtopic: Management of Chronic Surgical Ulcers: Venous Stasis, Arterial, Diabetic Foot, and Pressure Ulcers
- Subtopic: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT / Vacuum-Assisted Closure) Principles
- Subtopic: Benign and Malignant Surgical Skin Neoplasms (Lipomas, Sebaceous Cysts, Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
Comprehensive Burn Care
- Subtopic: Burn Classification by Depth: Superficial, Partial-Thickness, and Full-Thickness Burns
- Subtopic: Estimating Burn Extent: Wallace Rule of Nines and Lund-Browder Chart in Children
- Subtopic: Emergency Fluid Resuscitation in Severe Burns: The Parkland Formula and Baxter Protocols
- Subtopic: Acute Burn Inhalation Injury: Early Airway Control, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, and Monitoring
- Subtopic: Topical Burn Antimicrobial Agents (Silver Sulfadiazine, Mafenide Acetate) and Dressing Protocols
- Subtopic: Surgical Escharotomy and Fasciotomy for Circumferential Constricting Burns
- Subtopic: Skin Grafting: Split-Thickness vs. Full-Thickness Grafts, Donor Site Care, and Graft Immobilization
- Subtopic: Rehabilitation, Prevention of Burn Contractures, Splinting, and Hypertrophic Scar Management
HEAD, NECK & THORAX • MODULE 5
Head, Neck, Breast & Thoracic Surgical Nursing
Head, Neck & Breast Surgical Conditions
- Subtopic: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Depressed Skull Fractures, Epidural/Subdural Hematomas & Craniotomy Care
- Subtopic: Surgical Management of Goitre: Preoperative Lugol's Iodine, Subtotal/Total Thyroidectomy
- Subtopic: Post-Thyroidectomy Complications: Airway Obstruction, Hypocalcemic Tetany, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy
- Subtopic: Acute Upper Airway Obstruction: Emergency Tracheostomy Care and Suctioning Protocols
- Subtopic: Benign Breast Diseases: Fibroadenoma Excision and Breast Abscess Incision and Drainage
- Subtopic: Carcinoma of the Breast: Modified Radical Mastectomy, Lumpectomy, and Sentinel Node Biopsy
- Subtopic: Post-Mastectomy Nursing Care: Drain Management, Lymphedema Prevention, and Arm Rehabilitation
Thoracic Surgical Conditions
- Subtopic: Blunt and Penetrating Chest Trauma: Flail Chest, Rib Fractures, and Pulmonary Contusion
- Subtopic: Pneumothorax (Simple, Tension, Open / Sucking Chest Wound) Emergency Interventions
- Subtopic: Hemothorax, Chylothorax, and Chronic Empyema Thoracis Surgical Management
- Subtopic: Underwater Seal Chest Tube Drainage Systems: Insertion Assistance, Monitoring, Milking, and Removal
- Subtopic: Thoracic Resections: Lobectomy, Pneumonectomy, Wedge Resection, and Thoracoplasty Care
- Subtopic: Surgical Management of Esophageal Carcinoma and Lung Carcinoma
- Subtopic: Surgical Correction of Common Congenital and Acquired Cardiac Conditions
ABDOMINAL SURGERY • MODULE 6
Abdominal Trauma, Acute Abdomen & Gastrointestinal Surgery
The Acute Abdomen & Surgical Emergencies
- Subtopic: Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma: Hemoperitoneum, Splenic Rupture & Liver Lacerations
- Subtopic: Diagnostic Assessment of the Acute Abdomen (Inspection, Auscultation, Rebound Tenderness, Guarding)
- Subtopic: Acute Appendicitis: Pathophysiology, McBurney's Sign, Pre- and Post-Appendectomy Care
- Subtopic: Peritonitis (Localized vs. Generalized): Fluid Resuscitation, Laparotomy, and Peritoneal Lavage
- Subtopic: Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction: Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Obstruction (Volvulus, Intussusception)
- Subtopic: Paralytic (Adynamic) Ileus: Decompression via Nasogastric Tube and Electrolyte Correction
- Subtopic: Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease: Graham Patch Repair and Postoperative Care
- Subtopic: Abdominal Wall Hernias: Inguinal, Femoral, Umbilical, Incisional (Herniorrhaphy vs. Hernioplasty)
- Subtopic: Complications of Hernias: Incarceration, Strangulation, and Emergency Resection
Major Gastrointestinal Resections & Stoma Care
- Subtopic: Gastric Resections: Total and Subtotal Gastrectomy for Carcinoma and Dumping Syndrome Prevention
- Subtopic: Intestinal Resection and Primary End-to-End Anastomosis Care
- Subtopic: Surgical Intestinal Ostomies: Ileostomy, Colostomy (Temporary vs. Permanent)
- Subtopic: Enterostomal Therapy: Stoma Site Selection, Flange Fitting, Pouch Emptying, and Peristomal Skin Care
- Subtopic: Colostomy Irrigation Procedures and Patient Psychosocial Adjustment to Body Image Changes
HEPATOBILIARY SURGERY • MODULE 7
Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Splenic Surgical Nursing
Biliary, Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery
- Subtopic: Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis: Open vs. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Nursing Care
- Subtopic: Choledocholithiasis, Common Bile Duct Exploration, and T-Tube Drain Management
- Subtopic: Obstructive Jaundice: Preoperative Vitamin K Administration, Fluid Hydration & Postoperative Care
- Subtopic: Hepatic Abscess (Amoebic vs. Pyogenic): Surgical Drainage and Aspiration Protocols
- Subtopic: Hydatid Cysts of the Liver: Surgical Precautions to Prevent Anaphylactic Rupture
- Subtopic: Partial Hepatectomy for Benign and Malignant Liver Neoplasms
- Subtopic: Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Surgical Necrosectomy, Sump Drainage, and Peritoneal Dialysis
- Subtopic: Pancreatic Carcinoma: The Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy) Postoperative Intensive Care
Splenic Surgery
- Subtopic: Splenic Trauma: Grading Lacerations, Conservative Management vs. Emergency Splenectomy
- Subtopic: Elective Splenectomy for Hematological Disorders (ITP, Hereditary Spherocytosis, Hypersplenism)
- Subtopic: Post-Splenectomy Sepsis Prevention: Polyvalent Pneumococcal, Meningococcal, and Hib Vaccines
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ANO-RECTAL SURGERY • MODULE 8
Ano-Rectal Surgical Conditions & Nursing Care
Ano-Rectal Pathologies & Interventions
- Subtopic: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Anal Canal, Sphincters, and Perianal Spaces
- Subtopic: Haemorrhoids (Piles): Internal vs. External, Staging (Degrees I to IV), and Rubber Band Ligation
- Subtopic: Open and Closed Surgical Haemorrhoidectomy Pre- and Postoperative Nursing Care
- Subtopic: Anal Fissure: Etiology, Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy, and High-Fiber Bowel Regimens
- Subtopic: Peri-Anal and Ischiorectal Abscesses: Surgical Incision, Drainage, and Wound Packing
- Subtopic: Anal Fistula (Fistula-in-Ano): Goodsall's Rule, Fistulotomy, Fistulectomy, and Seton Placement
- Subtopic: Rectal Prolapse (Partial vs. Complete): Rectopexy Surgery and Perineal Repair
- Subtopic: Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Excision, Open Packing vs. Primary Flap Closure
- Subtopic: Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas: Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) and Low Anterior Resection (LAR)
- Subtopic: Postoperative Ano-Rectal Nursing Care: Sitz Baths, Analgesia, Stool Softeners, and Pack Removal
UROLOGICAL SURGERY • MODULE 9
Genitourinary Trauma, Prostatic Disease & Urological Nursing
Genitourinary Trauma & Reconstructive Urology
- Subtopic: Renal Trauma (Contusions, Lacerations, Pedicle Avulsions): Conservative vs. Nephrectomy Care
- Subtopic: Trauma to the Urinary Bladder (Intraperitoneal vs. Extraperitoneal Ruptures) and Surgical Repair
- Subtopic: Urethral Trauma (Anterior vs. Posterior Ruptures): Contraindication of Blind Catheterization
- Subtopic: Assisting with Emergency Suprapubic Cystostomy Insertion
- Subtopic: Trauma to the Male and Female Genital Tract: Scrotal/Testicular Rupture and Penile Fracture
- Subtopic: Urethral Strictures: Etiology (Post-Gonococcal, Traumatic), Dilatation, and Urethroplasty Care
- Subtopic: Renal and Ureteral Calculi: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Ureteroscopy, and ESWL Support
Prostatic Pathologies & Urological Post-Op Care
- Subtopic: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Pathophysiology, IPSS Scoring, and Acute Urinary Retention
- Subtopic: Prostate Adenocarcinoma: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Staging, and Radical Prostatectomy
- Subtopic: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Management
- Subtopic: Prevention and Recognition of Transurethral Resection (TUR) Syndrome (Dilutional Hyponatremia)
- Subtopic: Open Prostatectomy (Suprapubic, Retropubic, Perineal) Nursing Management
- Subtopic: Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) and Radical Cystectomy
- Subtopic: Urinary Diversions: Ileal Conduit (Bricker Conduit), Continent Reservoirs, and Urostomy Pouch Care
- Subtopic: Testicular Torsion: Emergency Surgical Detorsion, Orchidopexy, and Orchiectomy Protocols
Prescribed Textbooks & Surgical References
Core academic textbooks, perioperative clinical guides, and operative nursing manuals prescribed by the NCHE Bachelor of Nursing Science syllabus.
- Monahan, F.D., Sands, J.K., Neighbors, M., Marek, J.F. & Green, C.J. (2006). Phipps’ Medical-Surgical Nursing: Health and Illness Perspectives (8th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby / Elsevier.
- Rothrock, J.C. (2003/2011). Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery (12th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby / Elsevier.
- Black, J.M. & Hawks, J.H. (2008). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes (8th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders / Elsevier.
- Ignatavicius, D.D. & Workman, M.L. (1998/2006). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care (Vols. 1 & 2). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Goodman, T. & Spry, C. (2008). Essentials of Perioperative Nursing (4th ed.). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
- Allen, G. (2009). Infection Control Update: An Issue of Perioperative Nursing Clinics. Philadelphia: Saunders / Elsevier.
- Taylor, C., Lillis, C., LeMone, P. & Lynn, P. (2006). Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Follow your university’s current approved course outline for official course codes, teaching order and assessments. This directory organises supplementary revision resources.
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