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Conditions of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Paediatric GIT Conditions DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN Definition & Key Concepts Diarrhoea is the passage of more than three loose or liquid stools in 24 hours. It is important to understand that diarrhoea is a symptom, not a disease itself. It is the body’s natural defence mechanism to flush out harmful germs, toxins, or irritants from…
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Common health problems during childhood
Common Health Problems During Childhood 1. CHICKENPOX (Varicella) What is Chickenpox? Chickenpox is a very common childhood illness caused by a virus called Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). It is one of the most contagious diseases in children. Once a child has had chickenpox, they usually develop lifelong immunity (protection), meaning they will not get it…
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Nature and Causes of Diseases
Nature and Causes of Disease: Foundations of Pathology A Disease is an abnormal physiological or psychological condition that harms the body or mind, fundamentally changing how the body normally works. It represents a failure of homeostasis (the body’s internal balance). It is NOT caused by an immediate, outside mechanical injury (like a broken bone from…
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Communication in Guidance and Counseling
COMMUNICATION IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING The process by which information, meaning and feelings are shared by persons through the exchange of verbal and non verbal messages (Brooks and Health, 1985, p8) Or Communication is when two or more people exchange messages using verbal and non verbal language. Therefore communication is key to every aspect of…
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Introduction to Guidance and Counseling
Introduction to Guidance and Counseling Introduction to the concepts a) Defining Guidance This is the process of helping an individual to help,himself and to develop his potentialities to the fullest by utilizing the maximum opportunities provided by the environment. It is an assistance given to an individual to help him, to adjust to himself, to…
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Chapter Five Research
9.4.5 Chapter Five: Discussions, Recommendations and Conclusions Chapter Five is the final and most critical chapter of the research report. This is where the researcher interprets their findings, compares them to existing global or local literature, draws meaningful conclusions, and proposes actionable solutions. According to the UHPAB guidelines, this chapter must be written in the…
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Chapter Four Research
Chapter Four Study Notes: Findings of the Study Chapter Four is the core of the research report where analyzed data is systematically laid out. It is purely objective, meaning you only state the facts and data as they are. Students often fail this section because they try to discuss or explain the “why” behind the…
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Planning, Implementing, Monitoring AND Evaluation of PHC Activities
Planning, Implementing, Monitoring, and Evaluation of PHC Activities Before diving into the specific steps of the health management cycle, it is essential to understand what these concepts mean in our daily nursing practice. Planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating form the continuous, interlinked loop of health program management. This cycle is exactly how nurses, clinical officers,…
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Opioid Abuse & Opioid Toxicity
Toxicology and Poisoning Management Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemicals or poisons on living systems. Poisoning refers to the bodily entry of a toxic substance in amounts that cause dysfunction of body systems. I. General Principles of Toxicology Key Definitions: Poisoning: Voluntary or accidental ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of a…
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Alcohol Abuse
ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption, leading to severe physical, social, and mental adverse effects, and an increased physical and social dependency on alcohol. Key Terms and Definitions: Drug (Substance): Any chemical agent that, once ingested, can cause physiological and psychological changes. Alcoholic: An individual who excessively consumes…
