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Acute Glomerulonephritis
Acute Glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis refers to a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium. OR Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) is an inflammatory process involving the glomerulus of the kidney. It is inflammation of…
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Cataract
Cataract Cataract refers to the clouding or opacity of the eye’s lens, leading to impaired vision. This condition occurs when proteins in the lens clump together, causing light to scatter as it passes through the lens. This prevents a sharply defined image from forming on the retina, resulting in blurred or diminished vision. Cataracts can…
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Corneal Ulcers
CORNEAL ULCERS Corneal ulcers are open sores or epithelial defects with underlying inflammation on the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. These ulcers are often visible as grey to white opaque or translucent areas on the normally clear cornea. In some cases, they may be too small…
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Glaucoma
GLAUCOMA Glaucoma is a group of disorder characterized by an abnormally high intraocular pressure , optic nerve dystrophy, and peripheral filed loss. (BRUNNER) Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss due to IOP. It’s among the common causes of blindness. Glaucoma occurs as a…
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Eye Trauma
Eye Trauma (Ocular Trauma) Eye trauma is an injury to the eye that may result in visual impairment. Ocular trauma refers to any injury to the eye or its surrounding structures caused by physical, chemical, thermal, or radiation agents. It can range from minor irritations to severe injuries affecting vision or structural integrity. Commonly injured…
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Foreign body in the Eye
FOREIGN BODY IN THE EYE Foreign object in the eye is something that enters the eye from outside the body. A foreign body in the eye refers to any external object or substance that enters and remains within the ocular structures, causing discomfort, irritation, or injury. It can be anything that does not naturally belong…
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Stye (Hordeolum).
Stye Lecture Notes for Nurses Stye or Hordeolum A stye is a painful, red lump that forms on the edge of the eyelid. It is an acute infection of a small gland in the eyelid, most commonly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The medical term is Hordeolum. A stye is a localized infection of…
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Trachoma
Trachoma Trachoma is contagious infection of the conjunctiva and cornea characterized by formation of granulation and scarring Trachoma is a contagious bacterial infection which affects the conjunctival lining covering of the eye, the cornea and the eyelids. Is a Greek word meaning “ Roughness” Etiology Trachoma is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria and is…
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Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of newborn brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation and limited blood flow. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is when the brain does not get enough oxygen, permanent brain damage can result. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is a type of birth injury; this is a broad term used to refer to…
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Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the lining of the eye and eyelid caused by bacteria, viruses, chemicals or allergies, fungal, parasites. It is characterized by dilatation of the conjunctival vessels, resulting in hyperemia and edema of the conjunctiva, typically with associated discharge. It’s the most common cause of red eye usually painless and characterized…
