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Bursitis
Bursitis Lecture Notes Bursitis Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bone and muscle, skin or tendon. Bursitis can also be defined as a painful medical condition characterized by inflammation of the bursae found in large joints. But, What is a Bursa? A bursa (plural: bursae)…
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Gout
Gout Lecture Notes Gout Lecture Notes Learning Objectives: Define Gout and differentiate it from other forms of arthritis. Explain the Pathophysiology of Gout, specifically focusing on uric acid metabolism and crystal formation. Identify the Risk Factors and triggers associated with developing gout and gout flares. Describe the Clinical Presentation of acute gouty arthritis, chronic tophaceous…
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) Lecture Notes Osteoarthritis (OA) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic, and progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of articular cartilage, which normally cushions the ends of bones. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. This cartilage degradation…
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Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Lecture Notes Arthritis Arthritis is not a single disease but rather an umbrella term that encompasses over 100 different conditions that affect joints, the tissues surrounding joints, and other connective tissues. The common thread among all forms of arthritis is joint inflammation, which typically manifests as pain,…
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Tendonitis
Tendonitis/Tendinitis Lecture Notes Tendonitis (or Tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon. It is a condition characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired function of a tendon. Common Locations: While tendonitis can occur in any of the body’s tendons, it is most frequently observed in areas subject to repetitive motion and stress. These commonly…
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Lecture Notes Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), often colloquially known as “brittle bone disease,” is a rare, inherited genetic disorder primarily characterized by bone fragility that leads to recurrent fractures, often with minimal or no trauma. It is a lifelong condition that can range in severity from very mild, with only…
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis Lecture Notes Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone and bone marrow. The term itself literally means “inflammation of the bone marrow” (osteo = bone, myel = marrow, itis = inflammation). This infection can affect any bone in the body, but it most commonly occurs in the long bones of the arms…
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Osteopenia of Prematurity
Osteopenia of Prematurity (OOP) Lecture Notes Osteopenia of Prematurity (OOP) Osteopenia of Prematurity (OOP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in premature infants. It results from a failure to accumulate adequate calcium and phosphate during critical periods of rapid bone mineralization in the late third trimester of pregnancy. Prematurity…
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Fractures
Fractures Lecture Notes Fractures Lecture Notes A fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. This disruption can range from a fine crack to a complete break, involving one or multiple pieces of bone. Fractures typically occur when the bone is subjected to excessive force or…
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Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS
Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS Prevention Framework in children and infants. Prevention in Pediatrics ∙ Behavioral change and risk reduction interventions ∙ Biomedical prevention interventions ∙ Structural intervention BEHAVIORAL CHANGE AND RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS The priority of behavioral interventions is to delay sexual debut; reduce unsafe sex and multiple, especially concurrent sexual partnerships; and…
