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Medical Instruments For Nurses
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER EQUIPMENTS Instrument/ Appliance Functions Sand bags It prevents movement of a limb in the treatment of special conditions. Bed block To elevate the bed Mouth gag To open the mouth of unconscious patient Air ring and its pump To prevent friction on the bed. Cardiac table Used by cardiac patients to…
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Lecture Notes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), often simply called lupus, is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation that can affect virtually any organ system in the body. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing…
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory rheumatic disease that primarily affects the axial skeleton, particularly the sacroiliac joints and the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a medical condition that involves the inflammation (spondylitis) and fusion/stiffening (ankylosis) of the vertebrae or small bones in the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis…
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Bursitis
Bursitis Lecture Notes Bursitis Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bone and muscle, skin or tendon. Bursitis can also be defined as a painful medical condition characterized by inflammation of the bursae found in large joints. But, What is a Bursa? A bursa (plural: bursae)…
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Gout
Gout Lecture Notes Gout Lecture Notes Learning Objectives: Define Gout and differentiate it from other forms of arthritis. Explain the Pathophysiology of Gout, specifically focusing on uric acid metabolism and crystal formation. Identify the Risk Factors and triggers associated with developing gout and gout flares. Describe the Clinical Presentation of acute gouty arthritis, chronic tophaceous…
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) Lecture Notes Osteoarthritis (OA) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic, and progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of articular cartilage, which normally cushions the ends of bones. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. This cartilage degradation…
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Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Lecture Notes Arthritis Arthritis is not a single disease but rather an umbrella term that encompasses over 100 different conditions that affect joints, the tissues surrounding joints, and other connective tissues. The common thread among all forms of arthritis is joint inflammation, which typically manifests as pain,…
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Tendonitis
Tendonitis/Tendinitis Lecture Notes Tendonitis (or Tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon. It is a condition characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired function of a tendon. Common Locations: While tendonitis can occur in any of the body’s tendons, it is most frequently observed in areas subject to repetitive motion and stress. These commonly…
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Lecture Notes Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), often colloquially known as “brittle bone disease,” is a rare, inherited genetic disorder primarily characterized by bone fragility that leads to recurrent fractures, often with minimal or no trauma. It is a lifelong condition that can range in severity from very mild, with only…
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis Lecture Notes Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone and bone marrow. The term itself literally means “inflammation of the bone marrow” (osteo = bone, myel = marrow, itis = inflammation). This infection can affect any bone in the body, but it most commonly occurs in the long bones of the arms…
