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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
BPH BPH-Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the enlargement, or hypertrophy, of the prostate gland. BPH is common in elderly men over 60 years and above Common causes of BPH and Pathophysiology The outcome of BPH depends on two major factors i.e. Anatomical factors: These involve enlargement of the Prostate gland which produces a physical blockage at…
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Erectile Dysfunction Medications
Erectile Dysfunction Erectile dysfunction, ED is the inability of the male to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. Penile erectile dysfunction is a condition in which the corpus cavernosum does not fill with blood to allow for penile erection. This can result from the aging process and in vascular and…
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Androgens
Androgens Androgens are male sex hormones Androgens include Testosterone, which is produced in the testes, and the Androgens, which are produced in the Adrenal glands. Androgens are chiefly produced in the testes and small amounts in adrenal cortex. In female, small amounts are produced in the ovary and adrenal cortex. Testosterone is the most…
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Uterine Relaxants
Uterine Relaxants Uterine Relaxants are drugs which inhibit uterine motility by decreasing the frequency and strength of contractions. Uterine Relaxants are drugs that inhibit uterine contractions and prolong pregnancy to allow the fetus develop more fully, thereby increasing the chances of neonatal survival. These drugs prevent premature labor. It can succeed if only the cervical…
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Drugs used in Labor
Drugs used in Labour Drugs used in labour can be grouped according to the effect they have on the uterus. Uterine Stimulants/Uterine Mortility drugs. (Oxytocics) Uterine relaxants (Tocolytics) Uterine Stimulants/Uterine Motility Drugs(Oxytocics) Uterine motility drugs stimulate uterine contractions to assist labor (oxytocics) or induce abortion (abortifacients). Oxytocics Oxytocics stimulate contraction of the uterus, much like…
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Fertility Drugs/Gonadotropin Drugs
Fertility Drugs Fertility drugs are drugs that stimulate the female reproductive system. Examples of Fertility drugs; Cetrorelix (Cetrotide) Chorionic gonadotropin (Chorex, Profasi, Pregnyl). Chorionic gonadotropin alpha (Ovidrel). Clomiphene (Clomid) Menotropins(Pergonal, Humegon). Therapeutic Actions and Indications. Women without primary ovarian failure who cannot get pregnant after 1 year of trying may be candidates for the use…
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Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Estrogen Receptor Modulators Estrogen Receptor Modulators are agents that either stimulate or block specific estrogen receptor sites. They are used to stimulate specific estrogen receptors to achieve therapeutic effects of increased bone mass without stimulating the endometrium and causing other less desirable effects i.e. these drugs stimulate the estrogen receptors in the body so as to…
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Gonadotropin drugs
GONADOTROPINS Gonadotropins are fertility medications given by injection that contain follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone or combined with luteinizing hormone (LH). Gonadotropins are hormones that stimulate the gonads, which are the sex organs in the body. Gonadotropins are produced by the pituitary gland, which is a small gland located at the base of the brain. The release of…
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Pneumonia in Children
Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma characterized by cough, tachypnea and dyspnea. The causative agent usually various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses are introduced into the lungs through inhalation or from the blood stream. Causes of Pneumonia Bacterial ; streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae ,mycoplasma pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella…
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Asthma in Children
ASTHMA Asthma is a chronic reversible inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by an obstruction of airflow. Inflammation causes recurrent typical characteristics of recurrent episodes of wheezing(occurs during expiration), breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, which respond to treatment with bronchodilators. Many inflammatory mediators play a role; mast cells, eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells.…
