-
Growth and Development in Adolescents
Growth and Development in Adolescents Growth in adolescence refers to the physical changes that occur during this period of development. These changes are influenced by hormones and genetics. Development in adolescence refers to the psychological, emotional, and social changes that occur during this period. These changes are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and…
-
ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system of people between the ages of 10 and 19. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health refers to the physical and emotional…
-
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System The organs of the male reproductive system include the testes, a system of ducts (including the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra), accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands), and several supporting structures, including the scrotum and the penis Functions of Male Reproductive Organs Male reproductive system functions vital…
-
Internal and External Female Reproductive Organs
Female Reproductive System The functions of the female reproductive system are: Formation of ova Reception of spermatozoa Provision of suitable environments for fertilisation and fetal development Parturition (childbirth) Lactation, the production of breast milk, which provides complete nourishment for the baby in its early life. The female reproductive organs, or genitalia, include both external and…
-
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to various inflammatory conditions affecting the upper genital tract in females. Pelvic inflammatory diseases are diseases of the upper genital tract. It is a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper genital tract organs involving the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum and surrounding structures.…
-
CERVICAL ECTROPION (CERVICAL EROSION)
CERVICAL ECTROPION (CERVICAL EROSION) Cervical ectropion is a condition where cells from inside the cervix form a red, inflamed patch on the outside the cervix. Cervical ectropion is a condition in which there is a raw-looking area on the cervix. Cervical ectropion happens when cells from inside the cervical canal grow onto the outside of…
-
HABITUAL ABORTION (RECURRENT ABORTION)
HABITUAL ABORTION (RECURRENT ABORTION) Habitual abortion refers to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion in three or more consecutive pregnancies. Recurrent abortion is the consecutive loss of 3 or more fetuses weighing less than 500g. It usually occurs before 20 weeks of gestation and the risk of further abortion increases with further pregnancy loss. Approximately 1%…
-
SEPTIC ABORTION
SEPTIC ABORTION Septic abortion is characterized by micro-organisms invading the retained products of conception in the uterus. It commonly arises as a complication of induced or incomplete abortion. Causative Organisms of Septic Abortion Escherichia coli. Non-hemolytic streptococci. Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Features of Septic Abortion History of amenorrhea and incomplete abortion.…
-
INCOMPLETE ABORTION
INCOMPLETE ABORTION Incomplete abortion occurs when some products of conception, that is the placental tissues (chorionic membranes), are retained within the uterus. Clinical Features of Incomplete Abortion Heavy and Excessive Vaginal Bleeding: Incomplete abortion presents with heavy and profuse vaginal bleeding, which may be accompanied by the passage of blood clots and tissue fragments. Abdominal…
-
THREATENED ABORTION
THREATENED ABORTION Threatened abortion occurs when products of conception tend to be expelled before 28 weeks of gestation, but the disturbance is minor enough that the fetus can continue to term. Clinical Features of Threatened Abortion Symptoms: History of amenorrhea. Painless vaginal bleeding. Slight or no abdominal pain. Patient may complain of backache and abdominal…
