BNS 106: Pharmacology & Therapeutics
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 1
Foundations of Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Key Terms & General Principles
- Subtopic: Introduction to Basic Pharmacology, Drug Definitions & Therapeutic Index
- Subtopic: Classification, Chemical, Generic & Trade Nomenclature of Drugs
- Subtopic: Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action: Receptors, Enzymes, Ion Channels & Transporters
- Subtopic: Cellular Signaling Mechanisms, Second Messengers (cAMP, IP3, DAG) & G-Protein Receptors
- Subtopic: Dose-Response Relationships: Agonists, Partial Agonists, Inverse Agonists & Antagonists
Pharmacokinetics (ADME) & Drug Safety
- Subtopic: Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral, Parenteral, Inhalation, Topical & Transdermal
- Subtopic: Drug Absorption Mechanisms, Bioavailability & Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)
- Subtopic: Hepatic Drug Metabolism: Cytochrome P450, Phase I & Phase II Conjugation Pathways
- Subtopic: Drug Elimination, Renal Clearance, First-Order vs. Zero-Order Kinetics & Half-Life (t1/2)
- Subtopic: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): Toxicities, Idiosyncrasy, Hypersensitivity & Teratogenesis
SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 2
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) & Autacoid Pharmacology
Autonomic Nervous System Therapeutics
- Subtopic: Introduction to ANS Pharmacology: Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Control
- Subtopic: Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptor Signaling
- Subtopic: Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic Agonists): Direct-Acting & Anticholinesterases
- Subtopic: Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergics / Muscarinic Antagonists: Atropine, Scopolamine)
- Subtopic: Sympathomimetics (Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Salbutamol, Dopamine)
- Subtopic: Sympatholytics (Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol, Atenolol, Prazosin)
- Subtopic: Ganglion-Blocking & Neuromuscular Junction-Blocking Agents
Autacoids & Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics
- Subtopic: Introduction to Autacoids, Neuropeptides & Ergot Alkaloids
- Subtopic: Histamine Pharmacology: H1-Receptor Antagonists (Antihistamines) & H2-Blockers
- Subtopic: Serotonin (5-HT) Receptors, Agonists, Antagonists & Migraine Pharmacotherapy
- Subtopic: Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes & Leukotriene Modifiers
- Subtopic: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Prostanoids & Paracetamol
SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 3
Central Nervous System (CNS) & Psychopharmacology
Anesthetics, Sedatives & Analgesics
- Subtopic: General Anesthetic Agents: Inhalation (Halothane, Isoflurane) & Intravenous (Propofol, Ketamine)
- Subtopic: Local Anesthetic Agents: Esters and Amides (Lidocaine, Bupivacaine) & Nerve Blocks
- Subtopic: Sedative-Hypnotics: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates & Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics
- Subtopic: Narcotic (Opioid) Analgesics: Morphine, Pethidine, Fentanyl, Codeine & Opioid Antagonists (Naloxone)
- Subtopic: CNS Stimulants: Methylxanthines (Theophylline, Caffeine), Nicotine & Amphetamines
- Subtopic: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants & Drugs Used in Spastic Disorders
Psychotropics, Anticonvulsants & Neurodegenerative Agents
- Subtopic: Anticonvulsants / Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs): Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproate, Phenobarbital
- Subtopic: Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs: Levodopa-Carbidopa, Dopamine Agonists & Anticholinergics
- Subtopic: Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Drugs: Typical (Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol) vs. Atypical Agents
- Subtopic: Management of Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS) & Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Subtopic: Antidepressants: SSRIs, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), SNRIs & MAO Inhibitors
- Subtopic: Mood Stabilizers: Lithium Carbonate, Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers & Toxicity Signs
- Subtopic: Anxiolytics & Pharmacotherapy of Substance Abuse and Alcohol Dependence
SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 4
Cardiovascular, Hemostatic & Renal Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Therapeutics
- Subtopic: Antihypertensive Agents: ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs, Diuretics & Central Alpha-2 Agonists
- Subtopic: Anti-Anginal Drugs: Organic Nitrates, Beta-Blockers & Calcium Channel Blockers
- Subtopic: Heart Failure Therapeutics: Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin), Inotropes & Vasodilators
- Subtopic: Antiarrhythmic Agents: Vaughan-Williams Classes I, II, III, IV & Adenosine
- Subtopic: Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors), Fibrates & Resins
Hemostasis & Renal Pharmacology
- Subtopic: Anticoagulants: Unfractionated Heparin, LMWH, Warfarin & Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
- Subtopic: Antiplatelet Agents: Aspirin, Clopidogrel & Fibrinolytic/Thrombolytic Agents
- Subtopic: Diuretics: Loop, Thiazide, Potassium-Sparing, Osmotic & Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Subtopic: Drugs Altering Urinary pH (Systemic and Urinary Alkalinizers / Acidifiers)
- Subtopic: Drugs Altering Excretion of Organic Molecules & Uric Acid Excretion Agents
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SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 5
Respiratory & Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Respiratory Pharmacology
- Subtopic: Bronchodilators: Beta-2 Agonists (SABA, LABA), Anticholinergics & Theophylline
- Subtopic: Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS), Leukotriene Antagonists & Mast Cell Stabilizers in COPD/Asthma
- Subtopic: Antihistamines, Nasal Decongestants & Topical Corticosteroid Sprays
- Subtopic: Expectorants, Mucolytics & Centrally/Peripherally Acting Antitussives
Gastrointestinal Therapeutics
- Subtopic: Peptic Ulcer Disease & GERD: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), H2-Blockers & Antacids
- Subtopic: Cytoprotective Agents (Sucralfate, Misoprostol) & Helicobacter pylori Eradication Regimens
- Subtopic: Antiemetics: 5-HT3 Antagonists (Ondansetron), Metoclopramide, Phenothiazines & Emetics
- Subtopic: Antispasmodics & Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Relaxants
- Subtopic: Antidiarrhoeal Agents (Oral Rehydration Salts, Loperamide, Adsorbents)
- Subtopic: Laxatives, Stool Softeners, Osmotic Agents & Purgatives
SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY • MODULE 6
Endocrine & Reproductive System Pharmacology
Endocrine Pharmacology
- Subtopic: Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones: Growth Hormone, ACTH, Oxytocin & Vasopressin (ADH)
- Subtopic: Thyroid Hormones (Levothyroxine) & Antithyroid Agents (Carbimazole, Propylthiouracil, Iodine)
- Subtopic: Insulin Formulations (Rapid, Short, Intermediate, Long-Acting) & Sliding Scale Regimens
- Subtopic: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides (Metformin), Sulfonylureas, SGLT-2i & DPP-4i
- Subtopic: Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone), Mineralocorticoids & Tapering Protocols
- Subtopic: Calcium & Bone Metabolism Agents: Vitamin D, Calcium Supplements & Bisphosphonates
Reproductive & Urological Pharmacology
- Subtopic: Estrogens, Progestins, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) & Hormone Replacement
- Subtopic: Hormonal Contraceptive Formulations: Combined Oral Contraceptives, Progestin-Only, Implants, Depot Injectables
- Subtopic: Emergency Contraception & Emergency Post-Coital Regimens
- Subtopic: Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocics: Oxytocin, Ergometrine, Misoprostol) & Tocolytics (Nifedipine, Salbutamol)
- Subtopic: Androgens, Anabolic Steroids & Anti-Androgens
- Subtopic: Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction (PDE-5 Inhibitors: Sildenafil) & Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Alpha-1 Blockers, 5-ARIs)
CHEMOTHERAPY • MODULE 7
Antimicrobial, Antiparasitic & Antineoplastic Chemotherapy
Antibacterial Chemotherapy
- Subtopic: Principles of Chemotherapy: Selective Toxicity, Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic & Superinfections
- Subtopic: Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Penicillins (Benzylpenicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Co-Amoxiclav)
- Subtopic: Cephalosporins (1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th Generations: Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cefixime)
- Subtopic: Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin, Amikacin, Streptomycin (Ototoxicity & Nephrotoxicity)
- Subtopic: Tetracyclines (Doxycycline) & Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)
- Subtopic: Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin) & Sulfonamides / Trimethoprim (Cotrimoxazole)
- Subtopic: Antitubercular Chemotherapy: First-Line Regimens (RHZE) & Management of MDR-TB
- Subtopic: Antileprotic Chemotherapy (Dapsone, Rifampicin, Clofazimine)
Antiparasitic, Antiviral, Antifungal & Antineoplastic Agents
- Subtopic: Antimalarial Chemotherapy: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs), Quinine, Artesunate
- Subtopic: Antihelminthic Agents: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Praziquantel, Ivermectin
- Subtopic: Antiprotozoal Agents: Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Pentavalent Antimonials
- Subtopic: Antifungal Agents: Polyenes (Amphotericin B, Nystatin), Azoles (Fluconazole), Echinocandins
- Subtopic: Antiviral Chemotherapy: Anti-Herpes (Acyclovir), Anti-Influenza (Oseltamivir), Anti-Hepatitis Drugs
- Subtopic: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): NRTIs, NNRTIs, Protease Inhibitors & Integrase Inhibitors (DTG)
- Subtopic: Classification of Antineoplastic (Anticancer) Drugs: Alkylating Agents, Antimetabolites, Cytotoxic Antibiotics
CLINICAL SAFETY • MODULE 8
Perinatal Pharmacology, Topicals & Clinical Toxicology
Drugs in Pregnancy, Lactation & Age Extremes
- Subtopic: Teratogenesis: Drugs Known to Produce Foetal Malformations (Thalidomide, Warfarin, Valproate)
- Subtopic: FDA Pregnancy Risk Classification Categories (A, B, C, D, X)
- Subtopic: Excretion of Drugs in Human Breast Milk & Safety During Lactation
- Subtopic: Pediatric and Neonatal Pharmacokinetics: Immature Hepatic & Renal Elimination
- Subtopic: Geriatric Pharmacology: Polypharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Changes & Fall Risks
Topical Pharmacology & Clinical Toxicology
- Subtopic: Dermatological Formulations: Topical Corticosteroids, Keratolytics, Emollients & Antipruritics
- Subtopic: Ophthalmic Pharmacology: Glaucoma Drugs (Timolol, Latanoprost), Mydriatics, Miotics & Topicals
- Subtopic: Otic and Nasal Formulations: Ear Drops, Nasal Sprays & Decongestant Safety
- Subtopic: General Principles of Toxicology: Ingestion, Inhalation & Dermal Exposures
- Subtopic: Management of Common Acute Poisonings: Organophosphates, Carbon Monoxide, Kerosene & Paracetamol
- Subtopic: Specific Pharmacological Antidotes (Atropine, Pralidoxime, N-Acetylcysteine, Naloxone, Flumazenil)
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PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTICE • MODULE 9
Prescription Writing, Dosage Calculations & Drug Regulation
Prescriptions & Clinical Nursing Calculations
- Subtopic: Standard Medical Prescription Writing, Legal Requirements & Essential Components
- Subtopic: Standard Latin and Clinical Abbreviations in Pharmacology
- Subtopic: Correct Interpretation of Medication Administration Records (MAR)
- Subtopic: Metric Unit Conversions, Tablet and Capsule Dosage Calculations
- Subtopic: Liquid Medication Dosages, Pediatric Body Weight (mg/kg) Calculations & Surface Area Dosing
- Subtopic: Intravenous Infusion Rates: Drops per Minute (gtts/min) & Infusion Pump Calculations
Ordering, Storage & National Drug Regulations in Uganda
- Subtopic: Procedures for Ordering, Cold-Chain Management & Safe Storage of Medications
- Subtopic: Classified and Controlled Drug Cupboards: Double-Lock Storage of Dangerous Drugs (DDAs)
- Subtopic: Uganda Pharmacy and Drugs Act: Legal Framework for Schedulled Drugs
- Subtopic: National Drug Authority (NDA) Mandate, Pharmacovigilance & Drug Registration
- Subtopic: Principles of Rational Drug Use (RDU) & Standard Treatment Guidelines (Uganda Clinical Guidelines - UCG)
Prescribed Textbooks & References
Official core texts and national guidelines prescribed by the NCHE Bachelor of Nursing Science syllabus.
- Katzung, B.G., Masters, S.B. & Trevor, A.J. (2009). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. [1]
- Clayton, B.D. & Stock, Y.N. (2001). Basic Pharmacology for Nurses (12th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby / Lippincott.
- Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. & Flower, R.J. (2007). Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (6th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier.
- Brunton, L.L., Lazo, J.S. & Parker, K.L. (2005). Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Gatford, J.D. & Anderson, R.E. (1999). Nursing Calculations (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
- Gutierrez, K. (1999). Pharmacotherapeutics: Clinical Decision Making in Nursing. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Ministry of Health Uganda (2010). Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG): National Guidelines for the Management of Common Conditions. Kampala: MOH.
Follow your university’s current approved course outline for official course codes, teaching order and assessments. This directory organises supplementary revision resources.
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