BNS 101: Human Anatomy I & II
1. Introduction, Cytology & Histology (General Anatomy)
- Subtopic: Introduction to Anatomy, Terms & Landmarks
- Subtopic: Anatomical Positions, Directional Terms & Body Planes
- Subtopic: Cell Theory, Organelles & Functional Specialization
- Subtopic: Cell Cycle Regulation & Cell Division Disorders
- Subtopic: Histology Introduction & Tissue Classification
- Subtopic: Epithelial Tissues, Surface Specializations & Glands
- Subtopic: Supporting Connective Tissues (Fibrous, Cartilage, Bone, Blood)
- Subtopic: Muscular Tissue (Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac Propulsion Tissue)
- Subtopic: Nervous Tissue: Neurons, Neuroglia & Peripheral Ganglia
2. Integumentary & Musculoskeletal Systems
- Subtopic: The Skin: Structure, Appendages, Adaptations & Disorders
- Subtopic: Bone: Composition, Microstructure, Classification & Disorders
- Subtopic: The Axial & Appendicular Skeleton
- Subtopic: Joints: Fibrous, Cartilaginous & Synovial Joint Classification
- Subtopic: Muscles of Axial Skeleton: Head, Neck, and Trunk
- Subtopic: Muscles of the Back & Anterior Abdominal Wall
- Subtopic: Thoracic Cage, Ribs, Costal Cartilages & Diaphragm
- Subtopic: Muscles, Nerves & Blood Supply of the Upper Limbs
- Subtopic: Muscles, Nerves & Blood Supply of the Lower Limbs
3. Nervous System & Special Sense Organs
- Subtopic: Structural & Functional Topography of the Central Nervous System
- Subtopic: CNS Embryology, Neural Tube & Ventricular System
- Subtopic: Brain Hemispheres, Cerebral Cortex, Brainstem & Cerebellum
- Subtopic: The Spinal Cord, Meninges & Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathways
- Subtopic: Peripheral Nervous System, 12 Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves
- Subtopic: Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Ganglia
- Subtopic: The Eye: Orbit, Extraocular Muscles, Eyeball & Optical Pathways
- Subtopic: The Ear: External, Middle, Inner Ear & Vestibulocochlear Apparatus
- Subtopic: Receptors of General Sensation, Olfaction & Taste
4. The Respiratory System
- Subtopic: Upper Respiratory Tract: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses & Nasopharynx
- Subtopic: The Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree & Alveoli
- Subtopic: Gross Anatomy of the Lungs: Differences Between Right & Left Lung
- Subtopic: Pleura, Pleural Cavities & Pleural Nerve Supply
- Subtopic: Mechanics of Respiration: Thoracic Wall & Respiratory Muscles
- Subtopic: Common Congenital Abnormalities & Diseases of the Respiratory System
5. The Cardiovascular System
- Subtopic: Gross Anatomy and Internal Architecture of the Heart
- Subtopic: Pericardium: Fibrous & Serous Layers and Pericardial Cavity
- Subtopic: Great Vessels of the Thorax: Aorta, Venae Cavae & Pulmonary Trunk
- Subtopic: Coronary Circulation: Blood Supply of the Heart Walls
- Subtopic: Intrinsic Cardiac Conducting System (SA Node, AV Node, Bundle Branches)
- Subtopic: Systemic, Pulmonary & Foetal Circulatory Pathways
- Subtopic: Developmental Anomalies & Congenital Heart Malformations
6. The Lymphatic & Immune System
- Subtopic: Organization of the Lymphatic System & Lymphatic Drainage Pathways
- Subtopic: Structure and Functional Anatomy of Lymph Nodes
- Subtopic: The Spleen: Red Pulp, White Pulp & Vascular Architecture
- Subtopic: The Thymus: Anatomical Structure, Involution & Role in Immunity
- Subtopic: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) & Tonsils
- Subtopic: Congenital Abnormalities & Disorders of the Lymphatic System
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7. Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary System
- Subtopic: The Oral Cavity, Palate, Lips & Cheeks
- Subtopic: Teeth, Tongue & Major Salivary Glands (Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual)
- Subtopic: Pharynx & Oesophagus: Anatomy, Constrictions & Sphincters
- Subtopic: The Stomach, Small Intestines (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum) & Large Intestines
- Subtopic: Gastrointestinal Mucosal Architecture & Enteric Epithelial Cells
- Subtopic: The Liver: Lobes, Segments, Hepatic Vasculature & Biliary Duct System
- Subtopic: The Gallbladder: Gross Anatomy & Cystic Duct Anatomy
- Subtopic: The Pancreas: Head, Neck, Body, Tail & Pancreatic Ducts
- Subtopic: Peritoneum, Mesentery, Omenta & Peritoneal Spaces
- Subtopic: Developmental Anomalies & Structural Disorders of the Digestive Tract
8. The Urinary System
- Subtopic: Kidneys: Renal Capsule, Cortex, Medulla, Pyramids & Calyces
- Subtopic: Microscopic Anatomy of Uriniferous Tubules, Nephrons & Glomerulus
- Subtopic: Renal Blood Supply: Renal Arteries, Glomerular Capillaries & Veins
- Subtopic: The Ureters: Course, Anatomical Relations & Constrictions
- Subtopic: The Urinary Bladder: Trigone, Detrusor Muscle & Sphincters
- Subtopic: The Male & Female Urethra: Structural Comparisons
- Subtopic: Common Congenital Abnormalities & Structural Disorders of the Urinary System
9. Reproductive & Endocrine Systems
- Subtopic: Male Reproductive Organs: Testes, Seminiferous Tubules & Epididymis
- Subtopic: Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland & Bulbourethral Glands
- Subtopic: The Scrotum, Penis & Mechanisms of Erection/Ejaculation
- Subtopic: Female Reproductive Organs: Ovaries & Ovarian Follicles
- Subtopic: Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes, Uterus, Endometrium & Cervix
- Subtopic: Vagina, Vulva, Perineum & Female Bony Pelvis for Obstetrics
- Subtopic: Microscopic Organization of the Pituitary Gland & Pineal Gland
- Subtopic: Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands & Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands
- Subtopic: Endocrine Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Subtopic: Developmental Anomalies of the Reproductive & Endocrine Systems
10. Human Genetics & Developmental Embryology
- Subtopic: The Genetic Code, Chromosome Architecture & Karyotyping
- Subtopic: Gene Expression, Allelic Variation & Genetic Drift
- Subtopic: Multifactorial Traits, Polygenic Inheritance & Linkage Disequilibrium
- Subtopic: Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
- Subtopic: Gamete Viability, Transport & Fertilization Events
- Subtopic: Morula Formation, Blastocyst Development & Implantation
- Subtopic: Bilaminar Germ Disc, Gastrulation & Formation of 3 Primary Germ Layers
- Subtopic: Neurulation, Embryonic Folding & Organogenesis
- Subtopic: Placenta Development, Foetal Membranes, Umbilical Cord & Circulation
- Subtopic: Teratology: Principles of Teratogenesis & Congenital Malformations
Prescribed Textbooks & References
Approved reading references prescribed by the NCHE Bachelor of Nursing Science syllabus.
- Tortora, G.J. & Derickson, N.P. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Harper & Row.
- Drake, R., Vogl, A.W. & Mitchell, A.W.M. (2007). Gray’s Anatomy for Students. London: Churchill Livingstone.
- Snell, R.S. (2004). Clinical Anatomy by Regions. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Marieb, E.N. (2004). Human Anatomy and Physiology. London: Daryl Fox Publishers / Pearson.
- Young, B., Lowe, J.S., Stevens, A. & Heath, J.W. (2006). Wheater’s Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas. Churchill Livingstone.
- Sadler, T.W. (2009). Langman’s Medical Embryology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Follow your university’s current approved course outline for official course codes, teaching order and assessments. This directory organises supplementary revision resources.
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